What is a reduction and why Fibers are the answer for Ruby concurrency

In the Ruby 3 features, a lot of attention went to Ractors - a new parallelism primitive which provides what can best be described as “Web Workers” - separate threads of execution with memory isolation from the spawning thread. However, there was also a release of a seemingly “nerdy” feature which is the FiberScheduler.Ractors still have to prove their own (my dear friend Kir Shatrov has done some exploration into designing a Ractor-based web server) but I would like to highlight that second feature, and the concept of scheduling and reduction in general.I strongly believe making good use of Fibers is instrumental to Ruby staying relevant for creating web applications. As a community we are in a tight squeeze now, between Go on one side and Node.js on the other side, and the concurrency story in Ruby isn’t that good compared to either of the two - however we stand a measurable, substantial chance of once more getting ahead of the game. Especially considering that Python3 has chosen for the “colored” functions model with its asyncio setup. See Kir’s article for an interesting perspective on this too.