What is the difference between Turbo and Stimulus, and what exactly is Hotwire?

If it has been a while since you last used Rails, you may be feeling a little lost with some of the newer, front-end focussed features that Rails has added over the years. Stimulus, Turbo Drive, Turbo Frames, Turbo Streams, Strada, Hotwire - what is all this stuff, and where do you start? You do remember Turbolinks, but the last few times you had to deal with it, you ended up turning it off so that your app would work as expected.