We will be setting up a Ruby on Rails development environment on Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus.
The reason we're going to be using Ubuntu is because the majority of code you write will run on a Linux server. Ubuntu is one of the easiest Linux distributions to use with lots of documentation so it's a great one to start with.
You'll want to download the latest Desktop version here: http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/
Some of you may choose to develop on Ubuntu Server so that your development environment matches your production server. You can find it on the same download link above.